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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Module de relaxation</span></h1>
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<p>En <a href="Rh%C3%A9ologie" title="Rhéologie">rhéologie</a>, le <b>module de relaxation</b> permet de rendre compte de la <a href="Relaxation_de_contrainte" title="Relaxation de contrainte">relaxation de contrainte</a>, la <a href="Tenseur_des_d%C3%A9formations" title="Tenseur des déformations">déformation</a> étant maintenue constante.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2></div>
<p>La <a href="Tenseur_des_contraintes" title="Tenseur des contraintes">contrainte</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/59f59b7c3e6fdb1d0365a494b81fb9a696138c36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma }" loading="lazy"></span> à un temps <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span> ne dépend pour un <a href="Fluide_newtonien" title="Fluide newtonien">fluide newtonien</a> que du <a href="Vitesse_de_d%C3%A9formation" title="Vitesse de déformation">taux de déformation</a> à ce même temps&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma (t)=\eta \ {\dot {\gamma }}(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
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</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma (t)=\eta \ {\dot {\gamma }}(t)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/476d4e1b5bbfe55b68c1fcd2a228fbe5d6fa78e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.738ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma (t)=\eta \ {\dot {\gamma }}(t)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Par contre, pour un <a href="Fluide_(mati%C3%A8re)" title="Fluide (matière)">fluide</a> <a href="Visco%C3%A9lasticit%C3%A9" title="Viscoélasticité">viscoélastique</a>, cette même contrainte va dépendre de l'histoire des taux de déformation <i>via</i> le module de relaxation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e3d6c09ba5569413364689bf4837c7b71ef0892f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.476ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> (ou <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf5be62d9f63f5df52e8bc156f950d41e131d99f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.425ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(t)}" loading="lazy"></span>)&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma (t)=\int _{-\infty }^{t}G(t-t'){\dot {\gamma }}(t')dt'}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi>d</mi>
<msup>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma (t)=\int _{-\infty }^{t}G(t-t'){\dot {\gamma }}(t')dt'}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/067d88319944d792c82ce57eb78aabb68ab585f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:28.087ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma (t)=\int _{-\infty }^{t}G(t-t'){\dot {\gamma }}(t')dt'}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Physiquement, on s'attend à ce que cette fonction tende vers 0 lorsque t tend vers l'infini&nbsp;; c'est la perte de mémoire des états les plus anciens.
</p><p>Dans le cadre du <a href="Mod%C3%A8le_de_Maxwell" title="Modèle de Maxwell">modèle de Maxwell</a>, on montre que le module de relaxation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e3d6c09ba5569413364689bf4837c7b71ef0892f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.476ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> vaut&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G(t)=G_{0}\ e^{-t/\tau }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>G</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G(t)=G_{0}\ e^{-t/\tau }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ef3dad3c48fcdae9f942aed8dae2c252f3043fc9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.896ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G(t)=G_{0}\ e^{-t/\tau }}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {\eta }{E}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mi>E</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {\eta }{E}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/67fb9dcc8d2d29ef6a8efd3274fa390436de591b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:6.912ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {\eta }{E}}}" loading="lazy"></span> est le <a href="Constante_de_temps" title="Constante de temps">temps de relaxation</a> du modèle de Maxwell.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexe_:_grandeurs_complexes">Annexe&nbsp;: grandeurs complexes</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Module_complexe">Module complexe</h3></div>
<p>Expérimentalement, on applique en <a href="Viscoanalyseur" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscoanalyseur">DMA</a> des déformations sinusoïdales. On définit une déformation <a href="Nombre_complexe" title="Nombre complexe">complexe</a>&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma (t)=\gamma _{0}\ e^{i\omega t}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma (t)=\gamma _{0}\ e^{i\omega t}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/259e49f0d7b1ce49a2b30dc3867fdbca7bd450bb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.348ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma (t)=\gamma _{0}\ e^{i\omega t}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>ce qui amène à une contrainte complexe&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma (t)=i\omega \gamma (t)\int _{0}^{\infty }G(x)exp(-i\omega x)dx=G^{*}(t)\gamma (t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma (t)=i\omega \gamma (t)\int _{0}^{\infty }G(x)exp(-i\omega x)dx=G^{*}(t)\gamma (t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/12c7f0cc70c33208c67787fe78b7cd36a11b8b64.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:49.179ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma (t)=i\omega \gamma (t)\int _{0}^{\infty }G(x)exp(-i\omega x)dx=G^{*}(t)\gamma (t)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>avec&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=t-t'}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=t-t'}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0f4c9eba0e4eaeb5f779cd1aafc63dc2b060f0e7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.632ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=t-t'}" loading="lazy"></span>&nbsp;;</dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3885f050db0d7715ebeba11a07383eb252b2da6d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.881ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span>, le <i><a href="Module_de_cisaillement" title="Module de cisaillement">module de cisaillement</a> complexe</i>. Celui-ci se décompose comme la somme d'une partie réelle et d'une partie imaginaire&nbsp;:</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G^{*}(\omega )=G'(\omega )+iG''(\omega )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G^{*}(\omega )=G'(\omega )+iG''(\omega )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ca9d0191a5d7933a96973262b1d8572a2b0e35a6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.863ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G^{*}(\omega )=G'(\omega )+iG''(\omega )}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>où&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G'}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G'}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/76634fad5818a777669a77cd8c86d1d816e4c402.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.511ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G'}" loading="lazy"></span> est le <i>module de conservation</i>&nbsp;;</dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G''}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G''}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5a37ec377e9bb29c7dd95a844c1b230fbbebea75.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.964ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G''}" loading="lazy"></span> est le <i>module de perte</i>.</dd></dl>
<p>Le <i>facteur de perte</i> indique la capacité d'une matière viscoélastique à dissiper de l'énergie mécanique en chaleur. Il est donné par l'équation&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tan \delta ={\frac {G''}{G'}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>tan</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tan \delta ={\frac {G''}{G'}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/188ea0f800b4ba557279b2bad63e9ca71e814b5d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:11.694ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tan \delta ={\frac {G''}{G'}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }" loading="lazy"></span> est l'<a href="D%C3%A9phasage" title="Déphasage">angle de phase</a> ou de perte.
</p><p>Une valeur faible du facteur de perte traduit un comportement élastique marqué&nbsp;: le matériau étant soumis à une sollicitation, la <a href="Dissipation" title="Dissipation">dissipation</a> d'énergie par <a href="Frottement" title="Frottement">frottement</a> interne est faible.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viscosité_complexe"><span id="Viscosit.C3.A9_complexe"></span>Viscosité complexe</h3></div>
<p>Il est par ailleurs possible de définir une <a href="Viscosit%C3%A9" title="Viscosité">viscosité</a> complexe de la manière suivante&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma =\eta ^{*}(\omega )\ {\dot {\gamma }}=(\eta '(\omega )-i\eta ''(\omega ))\ {\dot {\gamma }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<msup>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma =\eta ^{*}(\omega )\ {\dot {\gamma }}=(\eta '(\omega )-i\eta ''(\omega ))\ {\dot {\gamma }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d05da33a4e6f17777382e75fef4418b5fc1016ce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:32.827ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma =\eta ^{*}(\omega )\ {\dot {\gamma }}=(\eta '(\omega )-i\eta ''(\omega ))\ {\dot {\gamma }}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>avec&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta '={\frac {G''}{\omega }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta '={\frac {G''}{\omega }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c84dc5aaba0ec73100a12b7dc3d14b3b1aa11035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.757ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta '={\frac {G''}{\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span>, associée au module de perte,</dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta ''={\frac {G'}{\omega }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>η<!-- η --></mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta ''={\frac {G'}{\omega }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0614ab9369eb00a0eb9e3f045b5135e27be7c757.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.757ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta ''={\frac {G'}{\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span>, associée au module de conservation.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3></div>
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<li><a href="Viscoanalyseur" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscoanalyseur">Viscoanalyseur</a></li>
<li><a href="Vieillissement_des_mat%C3%A9riaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieillissement des matériaux">Vieillissement des matériaux</a></li>
<li><a href="Fluage" title="Fluage">Fluage</a></li>
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